BGM-71 TOW

Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1970
Total Production : 700,000

The BGM-71 TOW (Tube-launched, Optically-tracked and Wire-guided) missiles are designed to accurately destroy armored vehicles, fortifications and bunkers from safe ranges. Raytheon has produced more than 600,000 TOW missiles over the last 30 years for more than 40 international armed forces around the globe. The TOW missiles have been integrated in more than 15,000 ground vehicles and helicopters.

The TOW was introduced in 1970 and can be fired by the infantry (4 men) using a tripod, ground vehicles (HMMWV, M2) and helicopters (AH-1 Cobra). It is a wire guided weapon with a range in excess of 3,000 meters. The TOW's CLU (Command Launch Unit) allows operations in all weather day or night conditions, after the firing the gunner must keep the sight on the target to ensure the impact.

The TOW missile was widely used during the Vietnam (1970s) war, the Iran-Iraq (1980-88) war, the Desert Storm (1991) operation and most recently during the Iraqi Freedom (2003) operation.

Model Status Year Produced
BGM-71A TOW Retired - No Longer Operational 1970 314,000
BGM-71C ITOW Retired - No Longer Operational 1982 60,000
BGM-71D TOW 2 Retired - No Longer Operational 1985 80,000
BGM-71E TOW 2A Retired - No Longer Operational 1988 118,000
BGM-71F TOW 2B Active 1992 40,000
BGM-71G TOW Active 2008 50,000
BGM-71H Bunker Buster Active 2010 ?



BGM-71A TOW

Group : Anti-Tank Guided Missiles
Status : Retired - No Longer Operational
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1970
Total Production : 314,000

The BGM-71A is the baseline model and was introduced in 1970.

Operators
Country Status State Notes
United States of AmericaRetired - No Longer Operational ?
Specifications
Notes
Dimensions
Diameter 127 millimeter
Length 1,160 millimeter
Mass
Warhead 2.5 kilogram
Weight 18.8 kilogram
Performance
Max Range 3,000 meter
Speed
Top Speed 299 mps



BGM-71C ITOW

Group : Anti-Tank Guided Missiles
Status : Retired - No Longer Operational
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1982
Total Production : 60,000

The BGM-71C ITOW was delivered in 1982 featuring an extended probe for greater armor penetration and an improved motor enhancing the range up to 3750 meters.

Operators
Country Status State Notes
United States of AmericaRetired - No Longer Operational ?
Specifications
Notes
Dimensions
Diameter 127 millimeter
Length 1,160 millimeter
Mass
Warhead 2.1 kilogram
Weight 19 kilogram
Performance
Max Range 3,750 meter
Speed
Top Speed 296 mps



BGM-71D TOW 2

Group : Anti-Tank Guided Missiles
Status : Retired - No Longer Operational
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1985
Total Production : 80,000

The BGM-71D TOW 2 was delivered in the middle 1980s incorporating improved propellant, improved operation in obscurants presence and a wider warhead over the BGM-71C model.

Operators
Country Status State Notes
CanadaRetired - No Longer Operational ?
FinlandRetired - No Longer Operational ?
GermanyRetired - No Longer Operational ?
ItalyRetired - No Longer Operational ?
United KingdomRetired - No Longer Operational ?
United States of AmericaRetired - No Longer Operational ?
Specifications
Notes
Dimensions
Diameter 152 millimeter
Length 1,160 millimeter
Mass
Warhead 3.1 kilogram
Weight 21.4 kilogram
Performance
Max Range 3,750 meter
Speed
Top Speed 329 mps



BGM-71E TOW 2A

Group : Anti-Tank Guided Missiles
Status : Retired - No Longer Operational
Also Known As : Orev (Israeli designation), TOW-2A
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1988
Total Production : 118,000

The BGM-71E TOW 2A was developed to defeat armored vehicles outfitted with Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA). TOW2A features a tandem warhead, the first warhead set off the external ERA clearing the way for the TOW 2A's second warhead. The TOW 2A is combat proven defeating battle tanks with first/second generation ERA.

Operators
Country Status State Notes
ArgentinaRetired - No Longer Operational 6/?
BahrainRetired - No Longer Operational ?
IsraelRetired - No Longer Operational ?
JapanRetired - No Longer Operational ?
PakistanRetired - No Longer Operational ?
Saudi ArabiaRetired - No Longer Operational ?
SpainRetired - No Longer Operational ?
SwitzerlandRetired - No Longer Operational ?
United States of AmericaRetired - No Longer Operational ?
Specifications
Notes
Dimensions
Diameter 147 millimeter
Length 1,170 millimeter
Mass
Warhead 3.1 kilogram
Weight 21.6 kilogram
Performance
Max Range 3,750 meter
Piercing in Armor 700 millimeter
Speed
Top Speed 329 mps
Time
Service Life 15 year



BGM-71F TOW 2B

Group : Anti-Tank Guided Missiles
Status : Active
Also Known As : TOW 2B Aero, TOW 2B Aero Gen 2, TOW-2B
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 1992
Total Production : 40,000
Unitary Cost : USD $50,000

The BGM-71F TOW 2B was delivered in 1992 featuring increased lethality against armored battle tanks. The TOW 2B missile attacks tanks from the top where the tank's armor is weak.

TOW 2B also features a dual mode sensor and is equipped with two new warheads. It flies over the top of the tank to destroy it from above. The two Explosively Formed Penetrator warheads explode downward reaching immediately the tank's roof.

The TOW 2B missile has not been designed to replace TOW 2A, but to complement TOW2A offering the US military forces multiple choices to engage different targets.

In early 2002 Raytheon announced that the range of the TOW 2B was extended beyond 4,000 meters through changes in the missile's propulsion system and airframe. The TOW 2B Aero has a maximum range of 4,500 meters.

The TOW Bunker Buster is a special derivative equipped with a new warhead capable of breeching more than eight inches (20 cm) of reinforced concrete. The Bunker Buster missile is well suited for urban warfare.

There were plans about fielding a new fire and forget TOW derivative in the 2005-2010 timeframe, but due to lack of funds and DoD's statements a sixth generation TOW seems to be unlikely.

Operators
Country Status State Notes
BahrainActive ?
TaiwanActive ?
UkraineActive 3,000 At least 1,090 develired by 2023
United States of AmericaActive ?
Specifications
Notes
Dimensions
Diameter 147 millimeter
Length 1,170 millimeter
Mass
Weight 22.6 kilogram
Performance
Max Range 3,750 meter
Speed
Top Speed 309 mps
Time
Service Life 10 year



BGM-71G TOW

Group : Anti-Tank Guided Missiles
Status : Active
Also Known As : BGM-71E-4B-RF (TOW 2A), BGM-71F-3-RF (TOW 2B), radio frequency TOW, TOW 2A Radio Frequency, TOW 2B Radio Frequency, wireless TOW
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 2008
Total Production : 50,000
Unitary Cost : USD $400,000

Wireless TOW heavy anti-tank, precision assault missile replaces the wire guidance system introduced in the 1970s by a new wireless secure data link. Overall, wireless TOW is expected to perform as its predecessors with the data link subsystem built into the missile's case and the missile which allows operation with existing launch platforms such as ITAS, Bradley's launchers, M220 and TOW 2 subsystems. The US Army awarded Raytheon an initial contract worth $163 million for Wireless TOW development September 15, 2006. The radio frequency or wireless TOW is available with TOW 2A and TOW 2B warheads.

Operators
Country Status State Notes
BahrainActive ?
CanadaActive 462
JordanActive ?
LebanonActive ?
MoroccoActive ?
OmanActive ?
Saudi ArabiaActive 14,000
TaiwanActive ?
ThailandActive ?
UkraineActive 10,000 Tranferred from the United States in August 2022 (1,500).
United States of AmericaActive 6,676 Missiles (6,676) under a 5-year contract awarded in October 2012



BGM-71H Bunker Buster

Group : Anti-Tank Guided Missiles
Status : Active
Also Known As : BGM-71H-1RF Bunker Buster TOW 2A
Origin : United States of America
Contractor : Raytheon
Initial Operational Capability (IOC) : 2010
Total Production : ?

The BGM-71H-1RF Bunker Buster TOW 2A missile is a variant of the Wireless TOW weapon which replaces the wire guidance system introduced in the 1970s by a new wireless secure data link. This new variant is intended to take out bunkers, field and urban fortifications as well as infrastructures and facilities.

Operators
Country Status State Notes
BahrainActive ?
United States of AmericaActive ?

News

Friday, 21 February, 2025
US Army Orders Additional Tube Launched Optically-Tracked Wireless Guided Missiles Through 2026

Raytheon Missiles and Defense, Tucson, Arizona, was awarded a $322,500,000 modification (PZ0006) to contract W31P4Q-23-C-0026 for the Tube Launched Optically-Tracked Wireless

Monday, 30 December, 2024
United States Sends Additional Surface-to-Air Missiles and Artilery Rounds to Ukraine

Today, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced additional security assistance support to meet Ukraine's critical security and defense needs as part of the surge of security

Thursday, 12 December, 2024
United States Sends Another Weapons Package to Ukraine

Today, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced a new Presidential Drawdown Authority (PDA) package to meet Ukraine's critical security and defense needs as part of the

Monday, 2 December, 2024
United States Sends Additional NASAMS, Stinger, HIMARS, TOW, Javelin amd AT4 Munitions to Ukraine

As part of the surge in security assistance that President Biden announced on September 26 to put Ukraine in the strongest possible position, the Department of Defense (DoD)

Wednesday, 20 November, 2024
United States Sending More HIMARS Rockets, Artillery Ammo, Drones, TOW, Javelin and AT4 Anti-Tank Weapons to Ukraine

As part of the surge in security assistance that President Biden announced on September 26 to put Ukraine in the strongest possible position, the Department of Defense (DoD)

Friday, 1 November, 2024
United States Sends Additional NASAMS, Stinger, HIMARS, TOW, Javelin and AT4 Munitions to Ukraine as well as Additional Stryker Armored Personnel Carriers

Today, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced additional security assistance to meet Ukraine's critical security and defense needs.

Thursday, 24 October, 2024
FMS: Saudi Arabia Requests Sale of 1,014 Wireless-Guided BGM-71E-4B-RF TOW 2A and BGM-71F-3-RF TOW 2B Anti-Tank Missiles

WASHINGTON, October 24, 2024 - The State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of TOW 2A tube-launched,

Wednesday, 23 October, 2024
Raytheon Manufacturing 10,000 TOW Missiles Annually, Ukraine Got 13,000+ Missiles

TUCSON, Ariz., Oct. 23, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Raytheon, an RTX (NYSE: RTX) business, was awarded $676 million to continue manufacturing the tube-launched, optically-tracked,

Monday, 21 October, 2024
United States Sending HIMARS Rockets, Artillery and Mortar Ammunition, TOW, Javelin and AT4 Missiles to Ukraine

Today, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced additional security assistance to meet Ukraine's critical security and defense needs.

Wednesday, 16 October, 2024
United Sends New Weapons Package to Ukraine Including NASAMS, RIM-7, Stinger and HIMARS Missiles

Today, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced additional security assistance to meet Ukraine's critical security and defense needs.

Wednesday, 25 September, 2024
United States Sends New Weapons Package to Ukraine Including AGM-154 JSOW Air-to-Ground Munitions

Today, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced additional security assistance support to ensure Ukraine has the tools it needs to prevail in its fight against Russian aggression.

Monday, 23 September, 2024
US Army Orders Additional BGM-71G TOW Missiles Through 2028

Raytheon, Tucson, Arizona, was awarded a $103,172,444 modification (P00004) to contract W31P4Q-23-C-0026 for production of Tube-Launched Optically Tracked Wireless-Guided.

Photo Gallery

Notes

* Prime Contractor
State Latest Known holdings/Original Procurement
Com - Date of Commissioning
Decom - Date of Decommissioning

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